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a.) Database Backup
A backup acts as a copy of the original data from one鈥檚 database. The copy can be for constructing the lost or damaged data. Backups can either be logical backups or physical backups. The logical backups are those which have logical data such as stored procedures and tables that use Oracle export utility for database transportation. The logical backup storage in a binary file Cheap Jordan 33 , and it can be re-imported at any given time whenever needed into a database. In transferring this binary file, there is the use of a corresponding utility for Oracle import.
The physical backups, on the other hand, are those stored as physical files and are for recovering and storing databases such as control files, data files, and archived redo logs. Thus, every physical backup is ultimately a copy of files that store the information found in the database in another location. The location can be offline storage such as DVD or tape or a disk.
The physical backup files form an essential foundation for any recovery strategy or backup sound system. The logical backups are also useful for supplementing the physical backups in many cases but should not be just about protecting against data loss. Therefore, a physical backup is the main way of ensuring a sound backup and recovery plan. Thus, recovery and backup documentation mainly use the term backup in only referring to the physical backups unless otherwise. The backup plan for any databases has to be in the form of a physical backup. The main focus of a set of recovery and backup documentation is exclusively based on the physical backups (Sumalee, Ho, and Agachai. 2014).
Media recovery is an essential database recovery since it includes the mount point鈥檚 physical loss as well as some database files such as control file and data file. Even through the deletion of a single physical file corruption, it would call for the need for undertaking a DBA media recovery for these files. A media recovery can be performed by creating a new field in a specific source location. It can also be placed on a new source destination when the previous one is beyond damage. When there is no backup, it becomes impossible to restore the date information of the database, and the file will forever disappear.
Thus, it is essential to have a copy of every database file and should be part of the database. When a copy is available, it can be made available via snap mirror or through a simple, direct data backup. Thus, the database can be brought back or restarted online. It is a beneficial method especially for those databases that only requires periodic backups or those that lack any off-hours activities since they represent archive copies for data that are structured. There is also a hot backup approach that enables the accessibility of databases when it is on backup. By use of a hot backup, the software of the database is given the command to place the databases in a specialized mode and undertake any transactions that are pending. It will further capture all the transactions on the transaction logs exclusively until the removal of the databases from the hot backup mode. Such a mode provides the end users with the ability to continue any query update or insert records from the databases. They do so while maintaining database file consistency for backup.

References
Judge Herbert B (2013) Information Technology Disaster Recovery Planning for Court Institutions. Judges' Journal. Vol. 52 Issue 4, p36-39. 4p. 2
Lawson, J 2005. A Look into Disaster Planning Wrong and Right. Chronicle of Higher Education. Vol. 52 Issue 16,
. (2014). SQL Server BACKUP DATABASE command.
Microsoft SQL Server. (2014). Complete Database Restores (Full Recovery Model).

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